两种疫苗同时接种不良反应的研究

Observation on the adverse reactions following simultaneous immunization of two vaccines

目的了解两种疫苗同时接种对预防接种不良反应发生率的影响,为进一步规范疫苗同时接种提供科学依据。方法对接受乙脑等8种疫苗接种的适龄儿童,以自愿为原则对639名儿童分成6种组合形式实施两种疫苗同时接种(观察组),对1335名儿童取8种疫苗实施单苗接种(对照组),在接种后的24h内追踪观察全身反应和局部反应。结果精品乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗(简称精品型乙脑JEV)与A群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗(简称A群流脑AMPV)、精品型乙脑疫苗与麻疹减毒活疫苗(简称麻疹疫苗MV)、乙脑疫苗与麻疹疫苗、吸附百白破三联疫苗(简称百白破DPT)与b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗(简称Hib)组合两种疫苗联合接种的发热反应率和/或反应程度显著高于同种疫苗单苗接种,A群、C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗(A+C群流脑疫苗A+CMPV)与流行性感冒裂解疫苗(简称流感疫苗IV)、A群流脑疫苗与流感疫苗两种组合没有发现增加不良反应的现象;所有组合的两种疫苗同时接种的局部红肿反应发生率与同种疫苗单独接种均无显著差异。结论研究结果提示两种疫苗同时接种可能会增加发热反应的发生率或反应程度,发生率或反应程度的增加与具体疫苗的组合有关。

Objective To observe the adverse reactions following simultaneous immunization of two vaccines. Methods There 639 children （observation group） divided into 6 vacination groups six groups and immunized with 8 vaccines being simultaneously immunized with two vaccines each time and another 1 335 children （control group）were immunized with 8 vaccines but only given one vaccine each time. The adverse reactions of fever and local inflammation were observed, within 24 hours after vaccination. Results The incidence of adverse reactions in children simultaneously immunized with two combined vaccines of JEV and AMPV,JEV and MV,JEV and MV,DPT and Hib each time was higher than children who were only inoculated a single vaccine each time. There no adverse reactions were found among the combination of A＋CMPV and IV,AMPV and IV. Conclusions These results suggest that simultaneous immunization with two vaccines each time may increase the incidence rate of fever and the and frequency and extent of the adverse reactions are associated with specific combination of the vaccines.