论公共决策体制的三种模式

On the Three Models of Public Decision-making System

在公共决策体制的形成过程中,发挥主要作用的是权力的来源和构成、公职人员产生的方式和地位、历史文化的特征,三者以不同形式的组合构成不同的公共决策体制。政治精英对决策权力的独占性、对组织地位的垄断性以及专制集权的文化的渗透性,共同构筑成典型的自上而下的公共决策体制;公民占据主导地位、通过竞争可以随时撤换公职人员、具有高度的公共精神是自下而上模式的突出特征;当前协商式公共决策体制最真实的写照则是人与人之间通过权力让渡形成契约式的政府组织,并通过代议制进行治理、以委任和有限的竞选占据公共职位、通过政策网络的方式将参与某一政策问题的相关行为者集合一起,并相互影响。

Summary of the essay： In the process of forming Public decision - making system, the source of power and its composition, the selection means and status of public officials, historical and cultural characteristics have play a major role ,they form different format of public decision -making system through different combinations . Political elite＇s monopoly on decision- making power, and the monopoly on the organization status, as well as centralized autocratic culture permeability, together constitute the typical top - down public decision - making system ; citizens dominant, public officers can be replaced through competition and a high degree of public spirit are prominent features of bottom - up model ; the current real portrayal of consensus - style public decision - making system is the formation of contractual - governmental organizations through the power transformation between peoples , the governance through representative , to occupy public posts through limited appointment and election, to get relevant actors involved in a particular policy issues together through policy networks and affecting each other.