明清时期江西境内的虎患及相关问题研究

A Study on the Tiger Disaster and Interrelated Problems in Jiangxi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

历史时期,江西地区是华南虎的主要栖息地之一。然而,随着人类活动的加强和自然环境的变迁,人虎关系在明清时期表现得异常紧张,"虎患"问题成为地方政府头疼的灾害之一。以往学者在研究江西虎患时,只是单方面强调人类无休止的开发活动压迫了虎的生存空间,最终导致虎患的发生。事实上,一些经济、文化水平较高的地区也是虎患高发地。究其原因,乃为战乱、灾荒导致人口锐减、社会残破和田地荒芜,次生林在战乱、灾荒之后得到恢复并成为战后较长一段时间内的主要植被,为虎提供了广阔的栖身之所,从而诱发了群虎入城袭击人类的事件发生。

Jiangxi was one of the main habitats for tigers in history. However, the relation between human and tiger had become acutely in the Ming and Qing dynasties along with the enhancement of human development and the vicissitude of environment. Thus, the tiger disaster became a big problem to the local authority. Former scholars only emphasized that human＇ s endless development had reduced the tiger＇ s existing space and caused the tiger disaster, but serious tiger disaster also happened in areas where the development level of economy and culture was very high. Wars and chaos were the main reason because wars and chaos caused depopulation, broken villages and paddies out of cultivation. As a result, the secondary forest emerged and became the main vegetation during the postwar time, which had provided a huge hibitat for tigers. More and more accidents of tiger＇ s attacking human happened.