西安市城市社区老年人生活质量的调查

The quality of life of the elderly living in communities of Xi'an City

目的调查西安市城市社区老年人生活现状及生活质量。方法采用生活质量调查表(QOL),以西安市两个社区老年群体为对象,对躯体、心理、社会、物质及总体生存质量进行调查。结果男性、经济收入高的老年群体心理及社会功能评分较高;低年龄组老年人躯体和社会功能显著高于高年龄组老年人;有配偶、与家人同住、积极参加社会活动、有兴趣爱好及享有医疗保险的老年人,其总体生存质量评分较高。文化程度高的老年人社会功能评分显著高于文化程度低的群体;且不良事件的发生明显降低老年人的生活质量。80%以上的老年人对生活环境满意。老年人的慢性病患病率最高的是高血压。结论西安市城市社区老年人生活质量良好,其健康状况、家庭氛围、文化水平、经济收入和婚姻状况是影响老年人生活质量的重要因素。

Objective To investigate the present situation of living and living quality of the elderly living in communities of Xi＇an City. Methods By using quality of life （QOL） questionnaire, the elders living in two communities in Xi＇an were investigated regarding their physical, psychological, social and material functions as well as overall living quality. Results Psychological and social functions scored significantly higher in both male and higher-income groups than those in the others. The scores of physical and social functions in the lower-income elderly were significantly higher than those in high-income ones. The scores of overall living quality of those elderly having spouses, living with their family members, taking an active part in social activities, having hobbies and enjoying medical insurance were significantly higher than those of the others. The well-educated elderly scored significantly higher in social function than those with lower education level; adverse events prominently decreased the quality of life of the elderly. More than 80% of the elderly were satisfied with their living environment. The highest incidence of chronic diseases in the communities was hypertension. Conclusion The quality of life of the elderly living in communities of Xi＇an City is good. Health status, family environment, educational level, income and marital status are the main factors that affect the quality of life of the elderly.