福建山药种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

Genetic Diversity of Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. Revealed by RAPD Markers

山药(Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.)具有重要的药用价值,了解其遗传多样性对山药引种育种、资源研究等都具有十分重要的意义。本研究利用RAPD-PCR技术对来自福建不同地区的34份山药资源进行遗传多样性分析。从200多条RAPD随机引物中筛选出24条引物,共扩增出182条带,其中多态性条带数为161,多态性比例为88.5%。应用DPS统计数据软件进行差异条带的遗传距离系数分析,构建遗传距离系数矩阵,然后用非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类分析,构建聚类分析图。聚类分析结果表明,当遗传相似系数为0.66时,可将34份资源分成4类:普通山药、田薯、扁山药和福建大薯。当遗传相似系数为0.68时,可将普通山药分为长山药和棒山药2个亚类,这与经典的园艺学分类相符,在分子水平上支持了按园艺学薯块类型对山药资源进行分类的观点。

Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. plays an important role on medical use. Learning genetic diversity must be useful for introduction and cultivation of Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. as well as resource analysis. In this paper, random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） was used to study the genetic diversity of 34 Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. resources from Fujian. 24 arbitrary primers screened out of 200 random primers were adopted to analyze the polymorphism in RAPD profiles. A total of 182 distinguishable and reproducible bands were obtained. Among them, 161 bands were polymorphic, about 88.5% of the total bands. Genetic distant coefficient analysis of different bands were carried out by statistical data software （DPS） and genetic distant coefficient matrix was constructed. Then unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average （UPGMA） cluster analysis was carried out and dendrograms was protracted. The results showed that when the genetic similarity coeffiicient was 0. 66, the 34 resources could be divided into 4 classes： D. batatas Decne,D. alata L, flat D. batatas Decne and Sanming D. alata L. When the genetic similarity coeffiicient was O. 68,D. batatas Decne could be divided into long Dioscorea varity and bar Dioscorea rarity. Our results strongly supported the view that the horticulture classification of Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. was dependent on the type of root-tuber at the molecular level.