甘薯近缘野生种的抗病性鉴定与新型种间杂种的获得

Identification of the Wild Elite Resistant Resources and Breeding of Novel Interspecies Hybrids

为了发掘甘薯近缘种抗茎线虫病、病毒病基因资源,改良栽培种抗性,拓宽甘薯遗传基础,本文利用田间自然病圃对30份甘薯近缘野生种进行抗茎线虫病鉴定,利用硝化纤维素膜-酶联免疫(NCM-ELISA)对20份野生种进行了抗病毒病筛选。以筛选到的抗性材料为父本、栽培种徐薯18为母本,采用生长调节剂处理方法进行种间杂交,结果得到8份高抗、10份抗茎线虫病野生种,5份高抗、8份抗病毒病材料;获得4个新型种间杂种。经过染色体计数和ISSR分子标记鉴定,证实了所得杂种的真实性。表明甘薯近缘野生材料中存在着栽培种所需要的抗性基因,通过有性杂交手段可以获得含野生种染色体组的种间杂种新类型,为渐渗野生抗性基因起到"桥梁"作用。

To identify elite gene resource resistant to stem nematode disease （SND） and sweet potato virus disease （SPVD） in wild species, improve resistance of cuhivar and widen genetic base of sweet potato, 30 wild species were tested in natural field test garden to select materials resistant to SND and 20 wild species were done to detect that of resistance to SPVD using NCM- ELISA method. With resistant wild species as parental and Xushul8 as maternal, interspecies hybrids were carried out using some growth regulation treatment. The results showed that there were 8 HR, 10 R to SND and there were 5 HR, 8R to SPVD of wild species. 4 new types of interspecies hybrids were successfully obtained, which was testified by chromosome counting and ISSR marks. That supplied the new germplasm for next utilization of elite gene in wild species. It indicated that resistant genes needed in cultivars can be detected in wild species. And new type of interspecies hybrids can be obtained by manual cross, which took a ＂bridge＂ role in alien resistance genes introgression.