昆虫对Bt抗性的适合度代价及其与抗性治理策略的关系

The fitness costs of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringensis and their correlationship with resistance management strategy

由于昆虫对Bt毒素抗性的发展,不利于Bt制剂和Bt转基因作物的长期有效使用。但是昆虫对Bt抗性的产生常伴有适合度代价,这种代价能够延缓或阻碍抗性等位基因的发展。许多研究已经证明,有分属鳞翅目、鞘翅目以及双翅目的昆虫Bt抗性品系存在适合度代价。适合度代价往往会受生态因素的影响。而且,昆虫适合度代价的产生与其抗性机制密切相关。庇护所策略延缓抗性发展的能力不仅与敏感种群与抗性种群能否自由交配有关,还与适合度代价的大小及抗性基因的显隐性等因素有关。适合度代价的研究对探讨抗性发展规律以及完善抗性治理策略是非常重要的。本文从适合度代价与抗性发展、抗性机制和抗性治理的关系等方面的进行综述,为发展Bt抗性治理策略提供参考依据。

Evolution of resistance in insect pests threatens the continued effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） toxins in sprays and transgenic crops. Insect resistance to Bt often associated with fitness cost which may help to delay or prevent the spread of resistance alleles. Fitness costs have been reported in insects of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. The fitness costs are strongly influenced by ecology factors and resistance mechanisms. The capacity of refuges to delay resistance is affected not only by random mating of susceptible insects and resistant insects, but also by the mechanism of resistance. It is necessary to study the relationship between fitness cost and evolution of insect resistance, and the relationship between the mechanism of resistance and resistance management for resistance management.