中国南方森林黄壤的铝活化模式

Aluminum Mobilization Models of Forest Yellow Earth in South China

将酸化模型应用于我国区域酸沉降影响的预测和控制对策的制定,需要选择有区域代表性的土壤铝活化模式并确定其参数.利用我国南方4个森林小流域的土壤化学长期观测资料,对常见的铝活化模式,如三水铝石模式、斜矾石模式、高岭石模式、伊毛缟石模式和有机质吸附模式等在中国南方森林黄壤的区域适用性进行了分析.结果表明,广泛应用于各种酸化模型的三水铝石模式实际上并不适用,而修正后的三水铝石经验模式在土壤水pH值≥4时能够适用,经验常数可取pK=-2.40、a=1.65(上层土壤)和pK=-2.82、a=1.66(下层土壤).其他模式与经验三水铝石模式相比,模拟性能并无明显的改善.观测结果还表明,当pH<4时,pAl不随pH明显变化,这些模式均不能解释其机制.

For the application of acidification models in predicting effects of acid deposition and formulating control strategy in China, it is important selecting regionally applicable models of soil aluminum mobilization and determining their parameters. Based on the long-term monitoring results of soil water chemistry from four forested watersheds in South China, the applicability of a range of equilibriums describing aluminum mobilization was evaluated. The tested equilibriums included those for gibbsite, jurbanite, kaolinite, imogolite, and SOM-A1. Results show that the gibbsite equilibrium commonly used in several acidification models is not suitable for the typical forest soil in South China, while the modified empirical gibbsite equation is applicable with pK = -2.40, a = 1.65 （for upper layer） and pK = -2.82, a = 1.66 （for lower layers） at only ph≥4. Comparing with the empirical gibbsite equation, the other equilibriums do not perform better. It can also be seen that pAl varies slightly with pH decreases at pH 〈 4, which is unexplainable by any of these suggested equilibriums.