马铃薯脱毒试管苗在不同扦插密度条件下的产量性状和经济参数的分析

Analysis on Yield Characters and Economic Parameters of in vitro Potato Plantlets Transplanted at Different Densities under Greenhouse

为了探讨马铃薯脱毒试管苗在温室条件下的适宜扦插密度问题,利用早熟品种荷兰15号、中熟品种尤金和中晚熟品种克新13号的脱毒试管苗为试验材料,种植并生产原原种。采用单因素随机设计,设密度分别为每平方米154株、182株、222株、286株、400株和667株共6个处理,用方差分析探讨了扦插密度与结薯个数(单位面积上的商品薯数、单株商品薯数、单位面积上的结薯总个数、单株结薯总个数)、产量参数(单位面积上的商品薯产量、单株商品薯产量、单位面积上的总产量、单株产量)和经济参数(利润和经济效益)的关系。研究结果表明:荷兰15号、尤金和克新13号的脱毒试管苗扦插密度每平方米在154～667株之间时,随着扦插密度的增大,其结薯总个数均逐渐增多,单株商品薯产量和单株产量均逐渐变低;这3个品种在每平方米上的商品薯产量、总产量、利润和经济效益的变化趋势不同;通过结薯个数和经济参数的综合评价,得出荷兰15号和尤金的适宜扦插密度每平方米为400株,克新13号的适宜扦插密度为286株。

Virus-free in vitro plantlets of the early-maturing variety Netherlands No. 15, the mid-maturing variety Youjin and the late-maturing variety Kexin No. 13 were grown in this study to produce mini-tubers and to seek for the optimum density in greenhouse. Complete Random Design was used in the experiment with totally six different densities, which was 154, 182, 222, 286, 400 and 667 plantlets per square meter, respectively. Analysis of variance was applied in analyzing the difference under various planting densities for tuber number （marketable tuber number per unit area, marketable tuber number per plant, total tuber number per unit area, and total tuber number per plant）, yield parameters （marketable tuber yield per unit area, marketable tuber yield per plant, total yield per unit area, and total yield per plant） and economic parameters （profit and economic efficiency）. The total tuber number set per square meter for the three varieties tested was increasing with the densities, while the marketable tuber yield and total tuber yield per plant was decreasing when plantlets were grown at the densities ranging from 154 to 667 plantlets per square meter. Marketable tuber yield, total tuber yield, benefit, and economic efficiency based on one square meter showed different trends for each of the three varieties. After comprehensive evaluation of tuber number and economic parameters, the optimal density for Netherlands No. 15 and Youjin was 400 plantlets per square meter, however for Kexin No. 13 the density was 286 plantlets per square meter.