飞行员运动试验与倾斜试验后心率和血压变化的比较

Comparison of heart rate and blood pressure of pilots between exercise test and tilt table test

目的分析飞行员运动试验与倾斜试验后心率和血压变化的差异,为综合评价飞行员的心血管调节功能提供依据。方法受试者为20名飞行合格的男性战斗机飞行员,其年龄25～38岁、身高1.67～1.76m、体重58～82kg、飞行时间500～2000h,分别进行次极量运动试验和倾斜试验。负荷测试前、结束即刻、结束后2min分别进行心率、血压测量和心电图监测。结果受试者心率、收缩压、舒张压、脉压分别为①基础:(71.3±11.5)次/min、(17.33±0.98)kPa、(10.67±1.01)kPa、(6.73±0.89)kPa。②运动试验终点:(94.7±12.6)次/min、(21.33±2.03)kPa、(10.79±1.74)kPa、(10.52±2.05)kPa;倾斜试验终点:(81.8±12.4)次/min、(16.13±1.14)kPa、(10.45±1.25)kPa、(5.69±1.13)kPa。③运动试验后2min:(94.4±9.6)次/min、(18.13±1.41)kPa、(10.45±1.25)kPa、(6.73±1.06)kPa;倾斜试验后2min:(78.9±9.3)次/min、(15.57±1.34)kPa、(11.09±0.92)kPa、(4.63±1.53)kPa。④两项试验终点和试验后2min的心率、收缩压、脉压与基础对照比较相差显著(t=2.512～9.518,P<0.01～0.05),而舒张压则相差不显著(t=0.24～2.07,P>0.05);运动试验的心率、收缩压、脉压变化程度均明显超过倾斜试验(t=3.996～8.943,P<0.01)。结论运动试验中主要反映运动时心血管系统的供能水平,而倾斜试验主要反映体位变化时维持心血管系统压力的能力,两种负荷试验结合是评价飞行员心血管功能的有效方法。

Objective To analyze the difference of pulse rate and blood pressure between exercise test and tilt table test and provide a basis for comprehensive evaluation of cardiovascular function in pilots. Methods Twenty male fighter pilots with flying qualification were enrolled, aged from 25 to 38, with 1.67-1.76 m in height, 58-82 kg in weight, and 500-2 000 h in flight time. The exercise test （ET） and tilt table test （TTT） were performed respectively. The heart rate, blood pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored before, finish instantly and 2 min after finishing loading. Results The heart rate（HR） ,systolic blood pressure（SBP）, diastolic blood pressure（DBP） and pulse pressure（PP）of subject were shown respectively ： （1）basic leveh（71.3 ± 11.5） beat/min, （ 17.33± 0.98）kPa , （10.67± 1.01）kPa and （6.73± 0.89） kPa.（2） End point of ET： （ 94.7± 12.6 ）beat/min,（ 21.33± 2.03）kPa, （10.79± 1.74）kPa and （10.52± 2.05） kPa; End point of TTT ： （81.8± 12.4 ）beat/min,（16.13± 1.14）kPa, （10.45± 1.25）kPa and （5.69± 1.13）kPa. （3）2 min after ET： （94.4± 9.6）beat/min ,（ 18.13± 1.41）kPa,（10.45± 1.25）kpa and （ 6.73± 1.06）kPa ; 2 min after TTT： （ 78.9± 9.3）beat/min,（15.57± 1.34）kPa, （11.09± 0.92）kPa, and （4.63± 1.53）kPa.（4） The HR, SBP and PP in the end point and 2 min after test were significantly higher than that in basic level.While there was no significant difference of DBP. Conclusion Energy supply of cardiovascular system can be reflected by Exercise test, while maintaining pressure of cardiovascular system as posture change can be reflected by TTT. A combination of two burden tests is a useful method to evaluate cardiovascular function in pilots.