新农村建设中农村剩余劳动力转移就业的路径

The Transition and Employment of Surplus Labor Force of Rural Area in Process of Building New Countryside

农村剩余劳动力转移基于就业机会带来的收入增长,但目前面临的困境制约着转移大军就业机会的获得。农村剩余劳动力和就业机会之间的均衡应是工业化与第三产业的发展,包括大力建设新农村,发展农村现代化,而不是一味地向城市转移或者表面城镇化。当务之急是发展农村教育,提高农民素质,提高人力资本含量,增强就业机会的主动创造能力,实现农民从贫困落后向现代生活方式与观念转变的文明转型。

Transition of rural surplus labor force area is under the assumption of income increase brought by the employment opportunity. But the dilemma they are encountering is the hindering factor of gaining the employment opportunity. The equilibrium between the rural surplus labor force and job opportunity should be achieved by industrialization and the development of tertiary products including the construction of new countryside and promoting the modernization of rural area, not by mobilizing the labor force into city or superficial urbanization process. Urgent task at this critical time is to develop the education in rural area, promote the farmers quality and human capital accumulation, to enhance the active creation capability of employment opportunity so as to realize civil transition of falmers from poverty and backwardness into modern living style and prospects.