美国关于原告资格功能之争及其对我国的启示

The Controversy over the Function of the Standing in U.S.and Its Enlightenment for China

"预防滥诉"说、"三权分立"说以及"热心辩护"说是美国法学界关于原告资格功能的三种主要学说,它们是不同历史时期美国原告资格规则得以构建的理论源泉。相较于"预防滥诉"说和"三权分立"说,"热心辩护"说因其与诉讼目的、诉讼结构以及人的"经济人"本性的暗合而逐渐在美国原告资格的理论和实践中占据支配性地位,并成为美国现行原告资格规则构建的主要理论基础。美国关于原告资格的这一功能定位,必将为我国拟进行的环境公益诉讼原告资格的扩张提供有益的参考和借鉴。

The doctrines of ＂prevention of abusive suit＂ ,＂ separation of powers＂ and ＂zealous advocacy＂ are the main three doctrines about the function of standing in U. S. ,which are the theoretical sources of the standing rules in different periods. Compared with the first two doctrines, the third one gradually occupies its dominant position in theory and practice process because of its consistence with the purpose of litigation, the structure of litigation and the nature of economic man, and becomes the theoretical underpinnings of the current standing rules in U. S.. The functional localization of standing in U. S. will point the way of imminent expansion of standing in public interest litigation for China.