用扫描隧道显微术进行单原子操纵的机理研究

STUDY OF MECHANISMS OF MANIPULATINGSINGLE ATOMS WITH THE SCANNINGTUNNELING MICROSCOPE

本文简要综述利用扫描隧道显微镜（ＳＴＭ）进行单原子操纵的物理机制。主要介绍了场增强的扩散、在表面上拖动（ｐｕｌｉｎｇ）推动（ｐｕｓｈｉｎｇ）原子、原子在针尖表面间接触和近接触转移、场致蒸发／脱附、隧道电子非弹性射激发和电子迁移的“电子风力”等过程。同时介绍了一些理论处理方法和对一些实验结果的解释。

AbstractWe give a brief review on the mechanisms of the manipulation of single atoms with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), including field assisted diffusion, pulling and pushing atoms on the surface, contact or nearcontact atom transfer between STM tip and the surface, field evaporation/disorption, excitation by the tunneling electrons, and “wind force” caused by the electron emigration. Some theoretical methods and explanations to some experimental results are also given.