单级好氧和限氧污水处理系统中总氮损失的微生物学机理

Microbiological Mechanism of Nitrogen Loss in Aerobic or Oxygen-limited Wastewater Treatment System

近年来,单级好氧和限氧污水处理系统中总氮损失的现象引起了人们的普遍关注,本文对这种现象的微生物学机理及研究现状进行了阐述,主要是几类细菌的单独脱氮或者它们之间的协同脱氮,包括自养(亚)硝化菌单独脱氮、好氧反硝化菌单独脱氮、(亚)硝化菌和好氧反硝化菌的协同脱氮以及(亚)硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌的协同脱氮.与传统的硝化-反硝化脱氮工艺相比,这些脱氮新途径具有不可比拟的优越性,对于强化污水生物脱氮具有重要意义.

In recent years, the phenomenon of total nitrogen loss which is found in single aerobic or oxygen-limited wastewater treatment systems has attracted researchers＇ concern. Microbiological theory and related studies of nitrogen loss were reviewed in this paper. It involves the different groups of bacteria alone or in cooperation, including nitrogen removal by autotrophic nitrifying bacteria and aerobic denitrifying bacteria, the inter-synthesis between nitrifying bacteria and aerobic denitrifying bacteria; and the cooperation of nitrifying bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidation （Anammox） bacteria. The new biological nitrogen removal mechanisms, which have incomparable advantages to the traditional nitrification-denitrification nitrogen removal technique, have important significance to enhance nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment.