天然降雨条件下坡地水量转化的动力学模式及其应用

A dynamic model for water transformation in hillslope under natural rainfall condition and its application

通过对天然降雨条件下坡地水量转化机理的分析，提出了描述降雨入渗、坡面径流和土壤水分运动的坡地水量转化动力学模式．提出并采用了坡面承雨强度、饱和含水率结皮修正系数等概念，考虑了坡度、坡向和雨滴倾斜对坡面接受降雨的影响及结皮对入渗的影响，通量边界的水量平衡，论述了模型参数的测取方法．经野外初步试验表明，该模型对于模拟天然降雨条件下坡地土壤水分动态和坡地水量转化关系具有较高的精度．

Abstract Based on analyzing the mechanism of water transformation in hillslope under natural rainfall condtion, a dynamic model has been presented in this paper. The model can simulate infiltration during rainfall, overland flow and soil water movement in hillslope. New concepts were brought forward such as intensity of slope accepting rainfall, modifying coefficient of saturated soil water content. In this model the influence of slope degree, slope orientation and raindrop inclination on the amount of slope accepting rainfall, the effects of surface seal on infiltration and water balance under flux boundary condition have been taken into account. Also, the methods for parameter adoption and measurement have been discussed. The result of the field application has shown that the model has a high precision in simulating the water dynamic state and water transformation in hillslope under natural rainfall condition.