新集体林权制度改革中的林权纠纷及原因分析

An Analysis of the Forest Property Rights Disputes and the Causes in the New Collective Forest Property Rights System Reform

2003年开始试点、2008年全面推广实施的农村新集体林权制度改革的目的是把集体林地经营权和林木所有权落实到农户,确立农民的经营主体地位,以实现"耕者有其山"的目标。作为全国最早实施新集体林权制度改革的试点省份,福建省和江西省在开展新集体林权制度改革方面进行了艰辛的探索,也取得了很大的成效。但是,这两个省在改革过程中,致使有的农村地区出现了林权过度集中和部分林农失山失地的现象,由此引发了许多类型的林权纠纷。林权纠纷多发的原因既与林权制度变迁和林权制度改革的政策设计失误有关,也与农民的林权主体意识觉醒及林权升值有关。在林权纠纷中,农民通过各种规范和"非规范"的抗争方式来表达自身的利益诉求。

The new rural collective forest property rights system reform which was implemented in 2003 and comprehensively put into execution in 2008 is considered another major reform initiative in china after the household contract responsibility system reform in the 1980＇s. The new collective forest property rights system reform aims at giving the management rights of the collectively owned forest and ownership of the forest to peasant household and carrying out the subjects of forest management, to achieve the goal of mountain forest to the tillers. Fujian and Jiangxi province explore hardly in this reform process and make great successes. However,because of the unbalanced reform division of earning, the phenomena of excessively gathering of forest property rights and some self-employed tree cultivators losing their woodland appear in many rural areas. This causes many kinds of forest property rights disputes. Especially in Fujian province, this phenomenon is more pervasive. There are many reasons caused the occurrence of the forest property rights disputes which include faulty policy designing of forest property rights changes and forest property rights reform , awakening of self-employed tree cultivators＇ subject consciousness and rising in value of forest property rights. In the forest property rights disputes, peasants express their interest appeal through various kinds of normative and unconventional ways.