以社会管制为主的矿业立法初探

Mining Legislation Research of Main Parts of Social Control

经济和社会的发展,需要矿业制度做出更为精细和准确的安排。计划经济体制下的现行《矿产资源法》,是一部以公权力配置矿产物权的公私诸法合体的法律,已不适应新形势并阻碍矿业发展。按矿产物权结构,明确矿产归属的静态物权由私法调整,对已明确归属的矿产进行开发的动态物权由公权力界定和限制。重构一部以维护公共利益为主要目的、以"业"为基本对象、对矿产动态物权进行限制、为公权力设定边界的《矿业管理法》。由现在的以矿为本向以人为本提升,以此建立现代矿业文明制度。制度变迁的其他条件基本成熟,关键是政府社会管制职能与国有权代表职能分开,才能使政府成为制度创新的缔造者。

The development of economic and social needs mining system to make more precise and accurate arrangement. Under the planned economic system, ＂Mineral Resources Law＂ is a public authority in order to configure the public and private mineral property law syncytial law, and it is not meet and hamper the development of mining. According to the structure of the mineral property, a clear attribution of mineral property adjusts by the private static, and the dynamic property which has a clear attribution to define and limit by the public authority. Reconstruction of a public interest in order to protect the primary purpose, and adjusted to ＂industry＂ as the basic object, which for public power and private power to set the border ＂Mining Law＂. From mine-oriented to enhance the people-oriented, which establishing a modern mining system. The conditions of system changes are ripe, and the key is the separation of Government＇s social control function and the right of the State functions, and to enable the Government to become the driving force.