说汉语儿童早期动词习得个案研究

A Case Study on the Mandarin-Speaking Child's Verb Acquisition

动词是汉语最重要的词类之一,它是句法结构的核心,也是语义结构的核心,因此,儿童动词的发展对儿童语言的发展影响很大。运用分类法、调查研究法、个案纵向观察法、数理统计法对说汉语儿童冬冬(ZHZ)1岁零4个月至1岁零11个月的动词习得及使用情况进行分析研究,通过真实的语料数据在习得种类、习得顺序、及动词结构使用等多个层面考察的基础上,得出如下结论:动作动词是最早出现及数量最多的动词;心理动词中,描述认知行为的动词比情感动词更早被习得;使令动词在儿童2岁之前没有出现;动词词序出现零论元现象。

Verb, the most significant class of Chinese lexicon, is the core of both syntactic and semantic structures. Early verb development must have great impact on children＇s early lexical acquisition. Therefore, based on data from a longitudinal research, the paper tries to make a case study on productive verbs of a one-year-old Mandarin-speaking child （ZHZ）, by applying classification method, investigation method and mathematical statistics method. After having a survey from the perspective of acquiring order, pragmatic functions and verbal structure usage of children＇s various 8 verb types, some conclusions can be got： action verb precedes any other verb types both in appearing time and amount; for mental verbs, words that describe cognitive behavior appear earlier than those that describe emotions; the acquisition of imperative verb doesn＇t take place in ZHZ＇s one-year-old period; null argument phenomenon takes a large part of the productive verbal structures.