清代甘肃陇南地区水涝灾害研究

The Research on the Flood Disaster of Longnan area in Gansu Province in the Qing Dynasty

通过历史资料的搜集、整理和分析,笔者对清代陇南地区水涝灾害的时空特征、等级序列及产生原因进行了分析研究。清代本区共发生57次水涝灾害,平均4.7年一次;一级洪涝灾害发生最多,达44次,占到总灾害数的77%,二级大水灾11次,三级大水灾2次;多发生在1720年到1890年期间,月份主要集中在5、6、7月,并且常有连年水涝灾害发生;本区的礼县、武都、西和为频发区;降水特征、地形地貌、气候交替变动等是清代本区水涝灾害发生的主要因素,人类对生态环境的破坏加剧了该流域洪涝灾害的发生。

Through the collation and analysis the historical materials, the time and space characteristics, level of sequence and the cause of the Qing Dynadty flood disaster of Longnan area were studied in this paper. The results showed that altogether there were 57 times flood disaster in the Qing Dynadty,and averagely occurred one time per4.7 year.According to the rank series of flood in the Qing Dynasty,the Maximum level of flood disasters were 44 times and the occurrence probability was 77%;The second grade floods were 11 times; The first floods were 2 times.It was relatively high in 1720 to 1890 period, and concentrated in the month of 5,6,7 months.It often occured year after year. Lixian,Wudu, Xihet were frequent areas. Precipitation characteristics,Topography,climate changes is the main reason of the Qing Dynasty flood disasters in this area.Human damage to the ecology of the watershed also increased the occurrence of floods.