2n配子在大白菜育种上的应用

Utilization of 2n Gametes in Breeding of Chinese Cabbage(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinesis)

对二倍体大白菜（ＢｒａｓｉｃａｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＬ．ｓｓｐ．ｃｈｉｎｅｓｉｓ）的８７个自交系和３个杂交一代材料进行了雌雄２ｎ配子的测定。结果有１２个材料含有２ｎ配子，占总数的１３．３％，其中有５份既含雄性２ｎ配子又含雌性２ｎ配子，占５．６％。用５个不同包球类型并含有２ｎ配子的二倍体大白菜与四倍体大白菜杂交，选育出具有不同熟性、抗逆性强（抗多种病害，抗寒，耐热）、品质优良、口感好、营养成份高、生长速度快、稔性正常、可在生产上应用的四倍体大白菜材料和多育１、２、３号杂交一代组合。

Certain 2n gametes have been successfully applied to breed new varieties of potato.In an attempt to use 2n gamete technique in Chinese cabbage breeding,2n gametes were investigated in 87 inbred lines and 3 hybrids.Out of 90 materials,12 lines possessed 2n gametes,accounting for 133 percent. Among them,five lines had both 2n pollens and 2n zygotes,accounting for 5.6 percent.Five diploids,which produced 2n gametes and had different heading types,were crossed with tetraploids Chinese cabbage respectively.Some new tetraploids with different maturity time were obtained.The advantages of these tetraploids are as follows: ① resistance to multiple diseases and coldresistance,tolerance to heat; ② high nutrient and flavor quality;and ③ rapid growth,and normal fertility.Three new tetraploidy varieties,“Polybreed 1',“Polybreed 2 ' and “Polybreed 3',have been released.