空间生态位的分析方法在森林资源评价中的应用

Application of Spatial Niche Analysis Method in Forest Resources Evaluation

文章选择黑龙江省东部典型天然次生林和接近原始阔叶红松林两个区域的森林类型，采用空间生态位理论的分析方法，对组成这两个森林群落类型的主要种群的空间生态位宽度和地理矩进行了定量测定，并对森林资源进行了空间生态位的划分，从而反映出森林群落的演替动态及趋势。结果表明：在帽儿山次生林区，生态位宽度最大的是色木槭、榆树、水曲柳和黄波罗等硬阔叶树种，白桦、山杨等软阔叶树种的生态位宽度正在缩小，森林群落进入了以硬阔叶树种为主体的演替阶段。而在穆棱地区，森林群落从原始地带性顶极群落正向着软阔叶林方向逆行演替。同时说明了基夫（Ｚｉｐｆ）定则广延的形式可以确定出各生态位空间的资源数量。

The dynamics and succession trend of forest communities at two different forestry areas in east Heilongjiang Province were analyzed according to spatial niche theory. Typical natural secondary forest area (Maoer Mountain) as well as another forest area (Mulin county) where the forest types are more similar to primitive broad-leaved Korean pine forests were selected for analysis. Niche breadth and Geo-distances of dominant communities were calculated quantitatively and the spatial niche for forest resources was divided. The results show that in Maoer Mountain area, the tree species occupying great spatial niche are hard broad-leaved tree species such as Acer mono , Fraxinus mandshurica,Ulmus and Phellodendron amurense , meanwhile the niche breadth of soft broad-leaved tree species such as Poplus davidiana , Betula platyphylla is diminishing, which suggests that the forest communities in this area are in the succession stage mainly consisting of hard broad-leaved tree. While in Mulin county area, the succession trend is from primitive communities towards the forests mainly composing of soft broad-leaved trees. The mathematically extending form deriving from Zipf rule is feasible to determine niche spatial resources quantitatively.