应用高剂量/庇护所策略管理Bt作物抗性的三个基本假设:综述与展望

Three assumptions of high dose/refuge strategy for resistance management of Bt crops:a review

目前,抗虫转基因作物的抗性管理方法主要是高剂量/庇护所策略。该策略的有效性取决于3个基本的假设条件:(1)抗虫转基因作物(Bt作物)表达出高剂量的杀虫蛋白,该剂量使得靶标害虫对Bt杀虫蛋白的抗性表现型为功能性完全隐性或近于完全隐性,进而使得Bt作物可以杀死几乎所有的抗性杂合个体和所有的敏感性个体;(2)靶标害虫种群的Bt抗性基因起始频率处于很低的水平;(3)源自转基因作物田和非转基因作物田(庇护所)的成虫在田间随机混合并交配。这3个假设必须同时满足,缺一不可。本文就这3个假设的理论基础和经验研究的进展进行了综合论述,并着重讨论了随机交配假设的最新研究进展以及今后的研究方向和方法。

The high dose/refuge strategy is being applied primarily in field for the resistance management of Bt crops, and its success depends on three essential assumptions. These three assumptions are： （1） Btengineered crops must produce a high dose of Bt insecticidal protein to kill most heterozygotes ; （2） Initial frequency of alleles conferring resistance in target pest species must be rare; （3） Susceptible adults that survived in refuges are expected to intermingling and mating with resistant adults that survived in Bt fields. We reviewed theoretical and empirical results related to these assumptions, and focused on the recent advances in random mating assumption and presented some new theoretical outcomes resulted from modeling researches. We also discussed the direction of upcoming researches and related techniques briefly.