眼科组织工程学发展近况

Updates on tissue engineering of the eye

近20年来，组织工程学在眼科领域中的研究和应用，如角膜、结膜、泪腺及视网膜等方面，取得了令人瞩目的成就，也存在一些重大科学问题尚待解决。组织工程角膜上皮和结膜在临床眼表重建治疗中已取得较好的效果；但全角膜组织工程研究一直未进入临床阶段，其中角膜内皮细胞永生化可能是组织工程全角膜的构建工作中最关键的难题。由于视网膜组织结构和功能的复杂性，其组织工程学研究成果有限，前景也可能不如人工视网膜。在此，对近年来眼科上述领域中组织工程学的研究应用情况进行分析。

Tissue engineering has developed rapidly in the last 20 years and has shown a promising future in many aspects of ophthalmology, such as the ocular surface and the retina. But also it has been confronted with some major scientific problems. Tissue engineering eonjunetiva and corneal epithelia have been clinically well applied in the reconstruction of the ocular surface; immortalizing corneal endothelia may be the key problem in creating tissue engineering cornea; and the future of tissue engineering retina may be not as good as that of artificial retina. This paper reviews current research and application in some major fields of ocular tissue engineering.