代谢病相关的遗传工程小鼠模型

Genetically Modified Mice of Metabolic Disease

糖尿病及肥胖症等代谢性疾病已成为影响人类健康的主要疾病,属于多基因所致的代谢综合征,遗传模式复杂多样,至今仍所知甚少。理想的实验动物模型是我们深入了解代谢病病因、遗传及环境因素的必要工具,并且可以用来研究验证新的治疗药物。近年来,已经获得了大量的遗传工程动物模型,包括转基因、基因敲除模型等遗传工程动物,对于代谢性疾病的研究意义重大。本文主要介绍近年来应用较多的糖尿病及肥胖相关的遗传工程小鼠模型遗传特征及应用。

Metabolic disease is a major increasing health problem in industrialized societies, especially diabetes mellitus （DM） and obesity. The nature of marked heterogeneity with muhifactorial genetic and environmental background of metabolic disease poses challenges to identify exact molecular mechanisms involved in treatment of these diseases. Appropriate experimental models are essential tools for understanding the pathogenesis, complications, and genetic or environmental influences that increase the risks of metabolic diabetes and finding new targets and the treatment of disease. In recent years, large number of new genetically modified animal models including transgenic, knock-out mice have been engineered for the study of diabetes, which further enhance the understanding of metabolic disease. This review gives an overview on the animal models of DM and obesity with reference to their origin, characteristic features, underlying mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages to the investigators in metabolic disease research.