双峰驼肺组织的结构特征

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PULMONARYTISSUE OF BACTRIAN CAMEL

通过光镜和电镜技术对我国甘肃和内蒙古４８例双峰驼肺脏组织结构的研究表明，双峰驼肺胸膜极厚，其中富含大量胶原纤维和弹性纤维，在肺脏各叶的边缘和腹面，其胸膜下常有较多脂肪组织聚集。腹面肺胸膜下的脂肪中还有淋巴结分布。肺小叶明显，小叶间结缔组织丰富。支气管、细支气管管壁较厚，粘膜层常呈许多明显的皱襞。肺呼吸部的组织学特点是，肺泡管数目多，每支呼吸性细支气管分出６～１０个或更多的肺泡管。肺泡管宽大，但肺泡常呈萎陷的小囊，分布在肺泡管周围。肺泡间隔较宽，其中胶原纤维较多，毛细血管好象常处于淤血状态。电镜下可见，肺泡隔毛细血管壁较厚，其内皮呈高突状。肺泡上皮表面有许多短小绒毛。

オhe lungs of 48 Bactrian camels from Gansu Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy.The results are as follows:the pulmonary pleura is very thick and there are a lot of collagenous fibers with elastic fibers in the pleura.At the acuminate margin and diaphragmatica faces,there are more adipose tissue and lymphonodi under the pleure.The boundaries of pulmonary lobules are clear because the inter lobular connective tissue is more.The walls of bronchi and bronchioli are thicker than these of cattle or sheep,the tunica mucosa shows many marked plicae due to the contraction of the smooth muscle in the wall.It is the histological characteristic of respiratory portion that the numbers of alveolar ducts are great many.Each respiratory bronchiole breaks up into 6 to 10 or more alveolar ducts.These are spacious places,but the pulmonary alveoli usually are smaller collapsed sacs surrounding the alveolar dusts.The inter alveolar septum is more wide and there are large numbers of collagenous fibers.It appears that the capillaries in the septum are usually congested.The thicker wall of the capillaries with bulged endothelium is found by electron microscopic studies.The epithelial layer of pulmonary alveoli is also thicker and there are many short microvilli on its free surface.