美国高校服务学习发展的阶段特征及其影响因素探析

A Probe into the Features of Service-Learning in American Colleges and Universities in Different Developing Stages and the Influencing Factors

服务学习作为美国各级各类高校目前普遍运用的一项教学措施,在一定程度上满足了美国社会的发展需要,使美国高等教育的发展有了新的突破,为美国青年提供了更多新的学习动力和需求。美国高校服务学习的发展历史分为"服务"至上、大"服务"小"学习"、"服务"与"学习"并重三个阶段,每一阶段都有其具体的阶段特征。总结美国高校服务学习阶段特征,分析其阶段特征形成的关键因素,可以为理解服务学习理论的进步与发展提供一定的参考。

As a teaching approach, service-learning has been widely used in American colleges and universities. To a certain extent,it meets the need of American social development,and it also makes American higher education achieve the new progress. Furthermore, it provides more needs and driving forces for the learning of the youth. The development of service-learning in American colleges and universities can be divided into three stages as follows, service-orientated stage ,service dominant and learning partially included stage,service and learning equally important stage ,and each stage with different features. The analysis on these features and the key influencing factors might provide some insight into the advancement and development of service- learning theory.