商文化墓葬二层台上放置动物腿骨现象与“奠竁”礼比较研究

商文化墓葬的二层台上有放置动物腿骨的现象。本文结合晚商墓葬制度的研究成果对其进行了考察。发现同一墓组或分族的墓葬二层台放置的动物腿骨的种类具有一致性,这或是血缘关系或族在商代社会生活中发挥较大作用的体现;二层台有动物腿骨的墓葬在其所在墓组的同时期墓葬中规模较大,二层台所置动物腿骨种类多少和墓葬的等级没有必然的关系。二层台放置动物腿骨的现象与文献记载的周代"奠竁"礼有相似的地方,但也有较大的差异。

There is a phenomenon that some animal limbs were placed on secondary platforms among the Shang cultural tombs. This paper examines the phenomenon integrating the research result of the late Shang burial system. It reveals that the kinds of animal limbs placed on secondary platforms are consistent in the same tomb group or elan. This may have reflected the important role in which kin or clans played in the Shang society. The tombs with animal limbs on secondary platforms are relatively big in their group. There is no necessary correlation between the number of the kind of animal limbs placed on secondary platforms and the class of tombs. There are some similarities and differences between the phenomenon of animal limbs on secondary platforms and the ＂Diancui＂ ceremony in the Zhou Dynasty recorded in the historical document.