提取练习在定向遗忘中的作用

THE EFFECT OF RETRIEVAL PRACTICE IN DIRECTED FORGETTING

根据汉字特点采用义同、形似、音同、无关四种实验材料,采用字表范式探讨不同提取练习次数(0、1、3次)在定向遗忘中的作用及是否会受到材料关系的影响。实验结果发现:(1)对于形似、音同材料,提取练习提高了最后回忆成绩。对于义同、无关材料,提取练习对不同组别两列字表的最后回忆成绩影响不同;(2)提取练习0次时,义同、音同、无关材料都表现出定向遗忘效应。提取练习1次时,无关材料表现出定向遗忘效应。提取练习3次时,形似、音同材料下表现出定向遗忘效应。义同、无关材料定向遗忘效应随着提取练习次数的增加而消失,形似材料随着提取练习次数的增加出现定向遗忘效应;(3)对于四种材料,遗忘组被试都没有随提取练习次数的增加而更多抑制字表1回忆,即字表1的回忆成绩都没有表现出随提取练习次数的增加而降低的趋势,所以能否用提取诱发遗忘来解释定向遗忘的提取抑制还需要进一步的实验验证。

Using the list-method paradigm, this experiment was designed to examine the effect of retrieval practice in directed forgetting with four types of Chinese character materials including irrelevant material, resemblant material, homophonic material and synonymical material. The results were as follows： （1） List 2 retrieval practice increased the recall with homophonic and resemblant material, while it had different influences on the recall of the two lists of the two groups with irrelevant and synonymical material; （2） Without list 2 retrieval pratice, the directed forgetting effect was indicated with homophonic, synonymical and irrelevant materials. With one-time list 2 retrieval practice, the directed forgetting effect was indicated with irrelevant material. With three-time list 2 retrieval pratice, the directed forgetting effect was indicated with homophonic and resemblant material more .Retrieval practice induced the directed forgetting effect with resemblant material, but eliminate the directed forgetting with synonymical material. （3） With more retrieval practices, the participants of the forgetting instruction group did not inhibit more recall of list 1, whose result increased with retrieval practices.