青少年情感关系的特点和发展变化

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND DEVELOPMENT OF AFFECTIVE RELATIONSHIPS OF ADOLESCENTS

考察了13～22岁青少年与重要他人的情感关系特点和发展变化，结果发现：（1）青少年的情感天系存在显著的性别差异。男被试对父母的情感需要总体随年龄增长逐渐减少，但没达到显著的年龄差异。而女被试则表现出逐渐增加的趋势，年龄差异湿著。男女青少年在各年龄段对同性朋友的情感需要最多。（2）随年龄增长，男青少年在寻求父母亲近、接受父母情感支持、肯定、鼓励和帮助上都逐渐减少，而女青少在这些方面表现出增加的趋势。而且，男女青少年在给予父母照顾上以及对异性朋友的各项心理功能的需要上都表现出增加趋势。（3）根据焦点人物来划分情感关系类型，发现在初中和高中阶段，同性朋友类型所占的比例最高，到大学阶段异性朋友类型的比例最高．而父母类型所占的比例比较少。

This research examined the characteristics and development of affective relationships of the 13-22 years olds with significant others in China. The findings were as follows that （1） Gender differences of Chinese adolescents were highly significant. With age, the ARS scores of parents decreased, but not significantly for males, and those increased significantly for females. Moreover, the ARS score of same-sex friend were the highest for males and females. （2） The ARS scores of parent decreased with age for the function of seeking proximity, receiving emotional support, and receiving reassurance for behavior, as well as receiving encouragement and help for males, and those of parent increased for these functions for females. In addition, The ARS scores of parent both increased with age for the function of giving nurture and those of opposite-sex friend for males and females. （3） Among the affective types in terms of focal figure, the percent of same-sex friend type was the highest for the junior high school students and senior high school students; that of opposite-sex friend type was the highest for college students, while that of parent type was lower.