大学新生自我同一性状态的性别差异及与人格特征的相关

Gender Differences of Self-identity and Its Correlation with Personality Among Freshmen

目的:探讨大学新生自我同一性状态与人格特点的相关及性别差异。方法:使用大学生自我同一性状态量表及卡特尔16项个性因素问卷对203名大学新生进行问卷调查。结果:成就型同一性与稳定性,恃强性,兴奋性,有恒性,敢为性呈显著正相关(r=0.20~0.41),与忧虑性呈显著负相关(r=-0.38);弥散型同一性与人格特征的显著相关方向与前者正好相反(r=0.18~0.38);排斥型同一性与恃强性、敢为性呈显著负相关(r=-0.17^-0.21);延缓型同一性与怀疑性呈显著正相关(r=0.19)。男生的成就型同一性得分显著高于女生(t=2.65,P=0.009),弥散型同一性得分显著低于女生(t=-2.17,P=0.031)。结论:同一性状态、人格的性别差异显著;自我同一性状态的性别差异与人格特征的性别差异具有一致性。

Objective： To explore the relations between self-identity and personality, and the gender differences of these two variables. Methods： 203 college freshmen were asked to finish the questionnaires of self-identity and Cattell＇s 16 Personality Factor. Results： The achievement status of self-identity had obvious positive correlation with emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness and social boldness （r=-0.20～0.41）, and had obvious negative correlation with apprehension （r=-0.38）; The directional correlation between diffusion status and personality was just the opposite （r=- 0.18～0.38）. The foreclosure status of self-identity had obvious negative correlation with dominance and social boldness （r=-0.17～-0.21）; The moratorium status of self-identity had obvious positive correlation with vigilance （r=-0.19）. Male students, compared with female, were higher in achievement status（t=-2.65, P=-0.009）, and lower in diffusion status（t=-2.17,P=- 0.031）. Conclusion： There are obvious gender differences in self-identity and personality; Gender differences in self-identity statuses and in personality characters are consistent.