生活目的测验(PIL)在大学生中的应用及其信、效度研究

A Research of the Purpose-in-life Test Applied in University Students and Its Reliability and Validity

目的:对生活目的测验(PIL)在国内大学生中的应用及信、效度进行研究。方法:1171名大学生使用生活目的量表(PIL)、SCL-90及幸福感指数量表进行施测,140名大学生使用PIL进行重测。结果:因素分析表明PIL可分为生活感受、生活目标、生命态度和自主感四个因子。信度分析表明,PIL总量表的分半信度为0.783,总量表及四个因子的α系数分别为0.878、0.860、0.809、0.270、0.406。总量表及四个因子的重测信度分别为0.837、0.849、0.630、0.314、0.728。以幸福感指数得分、SCL-90总分和抑郁因子分为外部效标,效标相关系数分别为0.768、-0.510和-0.560,效标与各因子均相关显著(r=-0.240～0.787,P<0.01)。项目效度评价PIL各条目与总分之间的相关均有显著性(r=0.192～0.748,P<0.01)。各因子分与总分的相关显著(r=0.415～0.933,P<0.01)。大学生PIL总分为105.74±15.33,不同性别、是否独生子女,不同年龄的大学生PIL总分无差异。但在生命态度和自主感因子上,男生较女生更为乐观,更具自主感(P<0.01),在生活感受因子上,独生子女大学生较非独生子女大学生更快乐、积极(P<0.05)。结论:PIL在中国大学生中应用具有良好的信、效度,其内部结构良好,具有良好的应用价值。

Objective： To research the usability of the purpose-in-life test （PIL） for Chinese university students and evaluate the test＇s reliability and validity. Methods： 1171 University students were measured by PIL, SCL-90 and Index of Well-being, and 140 University students were retested by PIL. Results： PIL had four factors （life feeling, life goal, life attitude and self-control） which were extracted by factor analysis. The split half reliability was 0.786, the Cronbach α-coefficient of PIL and the four factors were 0.878, 0.860, 0.809, 0.270, 0.406 respectively. The test-retest reliability were 0.837,0.849,0.630,0.314,0.728. The scores of Index of Well-being, the total scores of SCL-90 and the factor of depression were used as external criterion;the criterion correlation coefficient were 0.769,-0.504,-0.560 respectively. The correlations between the criterion and the four factors were significant （r=-0.240～0.787, P〈0.001）. The correlations between every item and the total score of PIL were significant （r=- 0.192～0.748, P〈0.001）. The correlations between the scores of factors and the total score of PIL were significant （r= 0.415～0.933, P〈0.001）. The students＇ score of PIL was 105.74±15.33. There was no difference in the total score of PIL in gender, only-child and age, but the factor score of life attitude and self-control of male was higher than of female（P〈0.001） and the factor score of life-feeling of the only-child was higher than that of the non-only-child （P〈0.001）. Conclusion： PIL has good reliability and validity in the application of Chinese university students.