医学生体像关注与焦虑、抑郁情绪研究

A Study of Body Concern,Social Anxiety and Depression in Chinese Medical Students

目的:了解医学大学新生躯体变形障碍和躯体过度关注的状况及其焦虑、抑郁情绪。方法:采用自评的体象问卷(BSQ)、Swansea强壮态度问卷(SMAQ)、躯体异形关注量表(DCQ)、社会焦虑量表(SIA)、Zung抑郁评定量表(ZDRS)和躯体变形障碍问卷(BDDQ)对500名医学新生进行调查。结果:有6名女性同学符合DSM-IV躯体变形障碍的诊断标准;躯体变形障碍的总患病率为1.27%,女性为2.03%。32.48%的大学医学新生有不同程度的过度关心与体重不相关的自身某个或某些身体部位;男性和女性体象过度关注者的社会焦虑、抑郁情绪明显高于无体象过度关注者。女性体象关注者比无体象关注者更关注体重、体型,而男性体象关注者比无体象关注者更关注肌肉感和强壮感。结论:躯体变形障碍或躯体过度关注者有更多的社会焦虑情绪和抑郁情绪,更关注体重、体型。

Objective： To explore the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder in firstyear medical students in China and to determine the relationship between body image concerns with social anxiety and depression. Methods： A self-report survey design was used to gather the data, with the Body Shape Questionnaire, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire. A total of 500 first-year medical students participated in the survey. Results： Six female participants met the DSM-IV criteria for body dysmorphic disorder. The overall body dysmorphic disorder case was 1.27%（2.03% for female）. 32.48% indicated that they were very concerned about some aspects of their appearance unrelated to weight. Those who displayed concern with their appearance had higher levels of depression and anxiety than those who had positive body image. Females were predominantly concerned about body weight and shape, while males focused on muscularity. Conclusion： Those who display concern with their appearance or suffer from body dysmorphic disorder have higher levels of depression and anxiety and pay more attention to weight and body shape than those who have positive body image.