施用秸秆炭对土壤钾淋洗量的影响

Effect of Crop-residue-derived Carbon Application on Potassium Leaching Amount in Soil

[目的]研究秸秆炭化还田对土壤供钾能力的影响。[方法]选择黑土、棕壤和砂土3种土壤类型,每种土壤分别添加炭粉和炭基缓释肥,并作等氮磷钾处理,开展106 d的培养淋洗试验。[结果]施用炭粉和炭基缓释肥均可增加土壤钾的淋洗量,且钾淋洗量随炭粉施用量的增加而增加;在整个试验期间,不施用炭粉(CK)、施用炭粉27 000、54 000 kg/hm2、施用炭基缓释肥375 kg/hm2的砂土和棕壤的钾累积淋洗量分别为黑土的2.7和1.9倍、4.3和2.2倍、2.3和1.9倍,4.1和1.7倍;炭粉在砂土中的短期效果最明显;炭基缓释肥在黑土中的效果最好,在砂土中的效果最差。[结论]炭基缓释肥的施用效果好于等量炭粉和化学肥料。

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the effect of crop-residue carbonization returning to field on potassium supplying capacity of soil. [Method] 3 types of soil （black soil, brown soil and sandy soil） were selected and in each type of soft crop-residue carbon powder and carbon-controlled slow-release fertilizer were added respectively. All treatments had the same quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the culturing and leaching experiment for 106 d was conducted. [ Result] Application of carbon powder or carbon-controlled slow-release fertilizer could increase the leaching amount of potassium in soil and the leaching amount was increased with the increment of carbon powder. In the whole period of treatment, the leaching amount of potassium in the treatment of no carbon powder application, carbon powder with 27 000, 54 000 kg/hm^2 and carbon-controlled slow-release fertilizer with 375kg/hm^2 in sandy soil and brown soil were 2.7 and 1.9 times, 4.3 and 2.2 times,2.3 and 1.9 times,4.1 and l. 7 times of those in black soil resp. The short-term effect of carbon powder was obvious in sandy soil. The effect of carbon-controlled slow-release fertilizer was the best in black soil and the worst in sandy soil.[Conclusion] The application effect of carbon-controlled slow-release fertilizer was better than those of carbon powder and chemical fertilizer with the same amount.