506例住院药疹病例分析

Clinical analysis of 506 patients with drug eruption

目的:分析药疹的致病因素和临床特点。方法:对1998-2007年我科506例住院药疹患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:皮疹类型以猩红热样型(31.81%)最多见,其次为麻疹样型(23.72%)。在引起药疹的药物种类中,β-内酰胺类抗生素最多见(34.78%),其次为镇静催眠及抗癫痫类(17.19%)。既往有过敏史者25.89%。高发年龄在31～40岁(20.95%),其次为21～30岁(14.63%)和41～50岁(16.01%)。伴有肝肾功能损害者占76.88%。结论:引起药疹最常见的药物为抗生素类,肝脏损害是最常见的并发症。

Objective： To analyze the sensitizing drugs and to characterize the clinical profiles. Method： Data from 506 patients with drug eruptions hospitalized from 1998 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Results： The most common type of drug eruption was searlatinifonn rash （31. 81% ）, followed by morbillifonn eruption （23.72%）. β- lactam antibiotics were the most common drugs （34.78 % ） followed by sedative hypnotic and anti - epileptic drugs （ 17.19% ）. The patients with drug allergic history accounted for 25.89%. Patients aged from 31 to 40 yeats accounted for 20.95 %, followed by 21 - 30 age group （ 14.63 % ） and 41 - 50 age group （ 16.01% ）. Eruptions complicated by liver and renal dysfunction （76.88%）. Conclusions： Antibiotics were the most frequent causes of drug eruption in this group of patients. The most common complication was liver dysfunction.