1981～2007年宁夏鼠疫监测与防治对策

Analysis of Plague Surveillence and Control Strategy in Ningxia from 1981 to 2007

目的分析1981～2007年宁夏鼠疫监测资料及鼠疫流行病学特征，提出预防措施和控制对策。方法运用流行病学方法和医学统计方法进行统计、分析与评价。结果27年间，阿拉善黄鼠疫源地宿主密度为0．31～1．80只／公顷，染蚤率为28．07％～66．47％，蚤指数为0．88～3．15，有8个年次监测到鼠间鼠疫的局部流行；长爪沙鼠疫源地宿主密度为0．10～5．90只／公顷，染蚤率为9．57％～57．34％，蚤指数为0．07～1．44，有9个年次监测到动物鼠疫流行。结论宁夏动物鼠疫流行呈周期性、间断性发生。坚持以鼠疫监测、宣传教育、灭鼠灭蚤、区域联防为主的综合防治是预防控制鼠疫的主要措施。

Objective To analyze the plague monitoring data and epidemiological characteristics from 1981 to 2007 in Ningxia, and provide the strategy for plague prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods and medical statistics were used for statistics, analysis and evaluation. Results The density of main host in Spermophilas alaschanicus foci showed an increasing trend during the 27 years. The average rat density of S. alaschanicus was 0.31 - 1.80 / hm^2. The average rate of Alaschanicus focus infected with fleas was 28.07% - 66.47% with flea index of 0.88 - 3.15. There were 8 year times of obvious epidemic prevalence among rats in Alaschanicus focus. The average density of Meriones unguiculataus was 0. 10 - 5.90/ha. The average rate of flea infection in Meiones unguiculataus focus was 9.57% - 57.34% with flea index of 0.07 - 1.44. There were 9 year times of obvious epidemic prevalence among animals in Meriones focus. Condusions The plague among animals in Ningxia will be prevail at intervals. In order to control and prevent the plague, the general measures, such as plague monitoring, rat and flea eradication, educational and provincial joint defense, must be insisted on continuously.