核工业职工死因危险及相关职业危害的分析

An analysis of nuclear industry workers’ death risk and related occupational harms.

目的在核工业职工全死因调查的基础上，着重进行死因危险及相关职业危害的分析，探讨职业与健康的关系。方法调查对象为１１个单位自组建至１９９０年底在册职工，分组观察。调查历年职工人数及死亡资料，按ＩＣＤ－９原则进行死因统计。结果粗死亡率１９３．６６×１０－５，标化死亡率２３７．６５×１０－５，而放射组、非放射组分别为３４６．１１×１０－５、２０２．０３×１０－５（Ｐ＜０．０１），但均低于全国值。放射组与非放射组比较，ＲＲ１．７０（Ｐ＜０．０１），但去除矽肺和工伤死亡，ＲＲ１．３０（Ｐ＞０．０５）。肿瘤居死因之首，第二为损伤与中毒。全死因ＳＭＲ０．４６，肿瘤０．７６，而损伤与中毒１．２０（Ｐ＜０．０１）；肺癌１．４０（Ｐ＜０．０１）；脑瘤１．５１（Ｐ＜０．０５）；铀矿系统肺癌、脑瘤、胃癌、肝癌、白血病增加明显。结论与死亡相关的职业危害为粉尘、工业外伤和氡子体，放射组死因危险因此增高，但情况在不断变化。男性比女性有更多死因危险，铀矿工肺癌与氡子体暴露有关。

bjective The causes of death and related occupational harms in nuclear industry workers were investigated and analyzed emphatically to determine the relationship between occupations and health.Methods Workers of 11 units from the time of their foundation to the end of 1990 were observed by groups.The number of workers and death data in every year were investigated.The causes of death were classified according to ICD 9.Results The crude mortality was 193.66×10-5,standard mortality 237.65×10-5,those for exposed group and control group were 346.11×10-5 and 202.03×10-5, respectively (P<001) ,which were lower than those for whole China.When the exposed group was compared with the control,RR was 1.70(P<0.01),but when sillicosis and accidental deaths were excluded,the RR was 1.30 (P<005)Tumor was first cause of death and injury and poisoning came next.SMR of total death cause was 0.46,that of tumor 0.76,injury and poisoning 1.20(P<0.01),lung cancer 1.40(P<0.01), and brain tumor 1.51(P<0.05).In uranium mines,lung cancer,brain tumor,stomach cancer,liver cancer and leukemia increased obviously.Conclusion The occupational harms related to death were dust,industrial injury and radon daughters.Because of them the death risk in the exposed group was increased,but conditions were changing constantly.Males had more death risk than females and the increase of uranium miner’s lung cancer was considered to be associated with exposure to radon daughters.