国际双语聋教育产生的背景、现状与前瞻

The Development of Deaf Bilingual Education in International Contexts

本文回顾了欧洲和美国双语聋教育产生和发展的语言和文化背景,欧洲诸国最早开办的把自然手语作为聋童第一语言的双语实验班的情况,双语教育理念在美国的持续发展,以及他们在师资培训和团队合作方面所作的努力。双语聋教育的主要特点之一是语言学家与聋人群体合作,共同关注和参与聋人教育;其中一些聋人在学校或大学担任领导,还负责师资培训工作;他们都支持把自然手语作为聋童早期教育资源。

This paper reviews the linguistic and cultural contexts of deaf bilingual education in Europe and America, such as, early bilingual experimental classes in Denmark and other countries, bilingual schools and staff development programs in the United States. The central characteristics of deaf bilingual education are summarised by linguists involved in joint deaf education fieldwork, their work with the local deaf community, deaf people involved in leadership and educational positions and their support of natural sign language as an early educational resource.