广适应大豆品种中黄13的光周期反应

Photoperiod Responses of A Widely-adapted Soybean Cultivar of Zhonghuang 13

中黄13是我国目前种植面积最大的大豆品种,适宜推广范围覆盖黄淮海流域夏大豆区、北方春大豆区、南部和南方多作大豆区部分区域,表现出较强的适应能力。为分析中黄13广适应的机制,在不同光周期条件下研究中黄13开花期、成熟期等生育期性状,株高、节数、分枝数等农艺性状和蛋白质含量、脂肪含量等品质性状对光周期的反应,比较中黄13不同性状间以及中黄13与成熟期相近的品种中黄24和凤交66-12间光周期反应敏感性的差异,并分析中黄13在各级区域试验中的产量稳定性,以期为中黄13的进一步推广和广适应大豆新品种选育提供理论依据。结果表明:中黄13在短日照(12h)、长日照(16h)和北京自然光照条件下均能正常开花结实,生育期性状的光周期反应敏感性弱于中黄24和凤交66-12。随光照长度的增加,中黄13的株型和农艺性状变化较为明显,但与中黄24和凤交66-12相比,其株高、主茎节数、分枝数、顶端花序荚数、单株有效荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重等性状的光周期反应敏感性均较弱,表现出较好的稳定性,但其蛋白质含量受光周期影响较大。综合分析光照处理和区域试验的结果,认为光周期反应相对钝感是中黄13广适应的重要原因。

Zhonghuang 13. is the most widely-grown soybean varieties in China in recent years. It adapted to grow in the broad area of Yellow and Huaihe River Valleys, the southern part of North Spring Soybean Planting Area, and some part of South Multi-Planting Soybean Area in this country. In order to analyze the mechanism of its adaptability to changing environments ,the plants were treated with 12 h short-days （SD） , 16 h long-days （LD）and natural photoperiod treatments respectively, the experiments were conducted to study the photoperiodic responses of Zhonghuang 13 in growth period traits, agronomic traits and quality traits under different photoperiod conditions. Comparisons of photoperiod sensitivity were also made between the different traits of Zhonghuang 13 and between Zhonghuang 13 and other two varieties, Zhonghuang 24 and Fengjiao 66-12, with similar maturity;the performances of Zhonghuang 13 in different provincial uniform tests were analyzed as well. Zhonghuang 13 could bloom and mature normally under short-day （ 12 h）, long-day （ 16 h）, and natural photoperiod treatments. Photoperiod sensitivity of its growth period traits was weaker than that of Zhonghuang 24 and Fengjiao 66- 12. With increase of day length, the plant type and agronomic traits of Zhonghuang 13 changed significantly. However, the photo- period responses of the traits like plant height, node number on main stem, branch number, pod number on terminal raceme, seed number and seed weight per plant in Zhonghuang 13 were weaker than those of Zhonghuang 24 and Fengjiao 66-12, but its protein content was more sensitive to photoperiod than that in the other two varieties. From the above results,it was drawn that the less photoperiod sensitivity was the major reason for Zhonghuang 13 to adapt to wide areas.