长期施肥对大豆地土壤蒸发和水分利用效率的影响

Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Soil Evaporation and Water Use Efficiency in Soybean Field

以中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站长期定位试验为研究平台,利用Micro-lysimeter法,研究了东北黑土区不同施肥管理对大豆地土壤蒸发和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:长期施肥通过改变土壤的水分物理性质和作物叶面积指数,进而调控土壤蒸发,不同处理间土壤蒸发表现如下:无肥(F1)>单施化肥(F2)>化肥+有机肥(F3);大豆不同生育时期土壤蒸发强度表现为:开花期-结荚期>子叶期-开花期>出苗期-子叶期>鼓粒期-成熟期>结荚期-鼓粒期,同时土壤蒸发强度与土壤表层含水量间呈显著正相关;在不同施肥管理中化肥+有机肥处理的水分利用效率最高,其次为单施化肥和无肥。因此,在东北黑土区可以通过施肥的方式调控土壤蒸发,提高大气降水的利用效率。

Based on the long： term position experiments at Hailun Agricultural Ecology Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of long-term different fertilizations on soil evaporation and water use efficiency in soybean land of northeast black soil using Micro-lysimeter method. The resuJts showed that chemical fertilizers and organic manure application could regulate soil evaporation through changing soil hydro-physical properties and crop leaf area index. Soil evaporation decreased in the order of no fertilizer（ F1 ） 〉 chemical fertilizer（F2） 〉 chemical fertilizer plus organic matter（ F3 ）. Soil evaporation rate at different growing stages of soybean decreased in the order of floweringpodding stage 〉 cotyledon- flowering 〉 emergence- cotyledon 〉 pod filling- maturing 〉 podding- pod filling, a significant positive correlation was found between soil evaporation rate and soil moisture, simultaneously. Water use efficiency showed an order as follows ： chemical fertilizer amended with organic manure 〉 chemical fertilizer 〉 no fertilizer. Therefore, soil evaporation could be regulated by fertilization in order to enhance water use efficiency in black soil.