日本护理救助制度的介绍与分析

Introduction and Analysis of Japan Care Assistance System

一、日本护理救助制度改革的原因 日本生活保护法颁布于1950年，规定了对贫困者的多项救助措施，护理救助是其中的一项，生活保护法将护理救助定义为：是对被认定为要护理和要支援等生活贫困的人员实施护理救济的制度。后来日本将护理救助制度从公共救助制度中分离出来，建立了老年人福利制度，并且一直保留着接受救助必须以接受财产审查为条件的规定，该制度通常被称为“措置”制度。

The long-term care insurance in Japan which has been implemented outstandingly since April, 2000 became the fifth social insurance following other traditional insurance items. In order to make the low-income elderly be able to take part in the long-term care plan, while establishing the care insurance system, Japan reformed the long-term care assistance system simultaneity. After revising the long-term care insurance in 2005 again, Japan adjusted the long-term care assistance system. Through those measures, the low-income elderly can also be covered by social insurance. Thus, the long-term care assistance system becomes an auxiliary system which acts on realizing the aim to ＂insure all＂ in Japan.