合成单宁改善蚕丝/锦纶交织物同色性的机理

Mechanism of union dyeing of silk/nylon mixture with syntan

应用合成单宁改善蚕丝/锦纶交织物的染色同色性,着重探讨合成单宁改善同色性的机理。蚕丝/锦纶交织物大多数用酸性和中性染料染浅中色,合成单宁改善其同色性。这是由于合成单宁与蚕丝和锦纶相互作用,且对蚕丝/锦纶的防染作用不同所致。锦纶的结构紧密,合成单宁吸附于其上,对阴离子型染料在纤维内的扩散具有明显的阻碍作用,故显示出很强的防染作用;蚕丝结构比较疏松,故合成单宁对染料上染的阻碍作用较小。试验结果表明,在蚕丝/锦纶交织物染色时,合成单宁主要对锦纶起防染作用,对大多数染料上染蚕丝不起防染作用,且在85℃之前,锦纶的染色速率比未加合成单宁时显著减缓。

Syntan was applied to improve the union dyeing property of silk/nylon mixture, action mechanism of syntan in union dyeing was discussed in particular. When silk/nylon mixture was dyed to pale to medium shades using most of acid dyes and neutral dyes, some addition of syntan could greatly improve solid effects. This was due to the difference between the interactions of syntan with silk and nylon as well as the different resist effectiveness of syntan to silk and with nylon. The syntan exhibited strong blocking effect to nylon dyeing induced by the fact that the absorbed syntan restricted the diffusion of anionic dyes into compact fiber interior, whereas it had the weak blocking effect to silk dyeing due to the loose structure of silk. The results showed that, for silk/nylon mixture dyeing, syntan had the dominant resist effectiveness to nylon and no resist effectiveness to the uptake of most acid dyes by silk, and dyeing rate of nylon was evidently decreased at dyeing temperature below 85℃ if some syntan was added to dyeing bath.