4Spiro, R.J., Feltovich, P.J.Jacobson, M.J.and Coulson, R.L.Cognitive Flexibility, Construclivism, and Hypertext: Random Access Instruction for Advanced Knowledge Acquisition in Ⅲ-structureddomains[J].Educational Technology, 1991, (5) : 24-33.
5Dewey J. Experience and education. New York: MacMillan, 1938, 20.
6Piaget J. To understand is to invent. New York: Grossman, 1973.
7Bruner J. On knowing: essays for the left hand. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962, 87.
8Ausubel D P. Some psychological and educational limitations of learning by discovery. The Arithmetic Teacher, 1964, 11, 290- 302.
9Friedlander B Z. A psychologist's second thoughts on concepts, curiosity, and discovery in teaching and learning. Harvard Educational Review, 1965, 35, 8-38.
10Siegler R S. Three aspects of cognitive development. Cognitive Psychology, 1976, 8, 481 - 520.