黄土高原刺槐生长状况及其影响因子

Growth and Its Influencing Factors of Locust in the Loess Plateau

在黄土高原,刺槐发挥着防治水土流失等重要作用。本文通过方差分析、多重比较等方法对黄土高原榆林、延安、渭南、咸阳、宝鸡等地(市)的274株刺槐解析木进行统计分析,研究了黄土高原刺槐生长状况及其影响因子。结果表明,陕西黄土高原的刺槐在15a时,树高、胸径和材积的平均值分别为(10.84±0.29)m、(10.64±0.31)cm和(0.048907±0.001634)m3。黄土高原不同地区刺槐长势差别较大,宁夏的刺槐生长状况好于山西、陕西和河南,甘肃的刺槐生长缓慢、生长量低。同时,海拔、坡位、坡向、坡度和林分密度对刺槐生长影响显著,生长在海拔1000～1200m之间的刺槐生长状况好于其它海拔水平;山坡的中下部较上部更有利于刺槐生长;阴坡的刺槐长势优于其他坡向;随着坡度的增加刺槐生长量下降。建议在黄土高原营造刺槐林时应选择海拔1000～1200m之间、坡度较缓的阴坡下部,15a生刺槐密度控制在3300～4950株/hm-2之间较为适宜。

The paper aimed to study the growth and its influencing factors of the locust forest in the Loess Plateau. It was analyzed that the stem analysis data of locust from 274 sample plots including 274 standard trees in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province. The characteristics of data was studied in the methods of variance analysis, t-test of average, Ducan multiple comparison. The results showed that the mean height, the diameter at breast height and the volume of locust at 15a were （10. 84± 0.29） m, （10.64±0.31） cm and （0. 048907±0. 001634） m3. The growth of locust forest in Ningxia Hui Autonomous was better than that of Shaanxi Province, Shanxi Province and Henan Province. The locust forest in Gansu Province grew slowly. Some influencing factors had significant impact on the growth of locust, including altitude, slope position, aspect, gradient and stand density. The lo- cust at 1000～1200m and shady gradual slope grew better than those at other positions. It is appropriate for locust with the density of 3300～4950 trees per hectare. The study showed that it was better to choose those sites between 1000～1200m of altitude and lower shady gradual slope with the stand density of 3300～4950 trees per hectare are selected for establishing locust plantations in the Loess Plateau.