水电站施工期的水土流失特点及防治措施

Characteristics and Control Measures of Soil and Water Loss in Construction Period of Hydropower Station

由于水电开发在我国能源发展中的优势地位,近年西南地区和云南省水电站建设步伐明显加快,但水电开发对生态环境的影响也日益突出。针对水电站建设施工特点和人为水土流失特点,指出"三通一平"阶段和大坝浇筑前是水土流失的重要时段,弃渣场和施工道路是水土流失的关键部位。提出了弃渣场合理选址、基础处理、径流排导、弃渣拦挡、弃渣平台及边坡治理,以及施工道路合理截排水,稳定开挖边坡,保护路基,下边坡挡护,适当绿化的具体防治方案。

Hydropower station construction in Southwest China and Yunnan Province has accelerated noticeably recently owing to the dominant position of hydropower development in China＇s energy development. But it also has prominent impacts on the ecological environment. Considering the construction features and manmade soil and water loss, this article proposes that the ＂three（water, electricity, and gas） available and one flat（construction site flat）＂ stage and the time before dam pouring are the critical period of soil and water loss. Dumpling piles and construction roads are the main sources of soil and water loss. Several control measures are also proposed, such as proper dumpling pile location, foundation treatment, runoff exhaust, spoil block, spoil platform, and slope management, as well as reasonable water cut-off and drainage on construction roads, excavated slope stabilization, embankment protection, protection of lower slope, and appropriate vegetation.