泾河中游现代洪水痕迹调查对实测洪水的校核

Flood Discharges Reconstructed by Flood Level Marks on Cliff Faces in Middle Reaches of Jinghe River

通过对泾河流域实地调查，在泾河中游景村水文站上下游发现了3处非常明显的4次洪水痕迹。结合实地走访，资料查阅等，准确确定了4次洪痕的对应年代，并通过弯道超高水位的计算，以及水位-流量关系和比降法模型模拟，推算出了这4次洪痕对应的流量，与实测洪水资料相比较，流量基本接近，误差分别在1．42％～4．21％和-2．13％～3．16％之间。研究表明，为了提高水文测量的精度，可以借助河岸遗留的洪水痕迹校核实测洪峰流量，同时也可为历史洪水调查和缺乏水文观测站数据的流域以洪痕推算特大洪峰流量提供科学的依据。

4 flood level marks on the cliff faces were observed in upper and lower Jingcun hydrology gauge station in the middle reaches of Jinghe River, Binxian County. Through local interview and consult data, the ages of the 4 flood level marks were determined accurately. Then their peak discharges were quantitatively figured out by the hydrology principle of flood level-discharge and slope-area method and the errors were estimated to be 1.42%-4.21% and -2.13%-3.16%, respectively, compared to the flood data observed. The result showed that the flood level marks on the cliff faces in river channel could cheek the flood data observed and the extreme floods could also be figured out by the flood level marks in the drainage basin where was short of the flood data observed.