基于GIS与地统计学土壤养分空间变异特征研究--以辽宁省凌源市6乡镇为例

Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients Based on GIS and Geostatistics——A Case Study of 6 Townships in Lingyuan City,Liaoning Province

以辽宁省凌源市西南部6乡镇为研究对象，利用GPS定位采集了1042个土壤表层样。采用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法，研究了土壤养分的空间变异特征。结果表明，土壤养分的变异系数为29．45％～67．25％，变异强度是有效磷〉碱解氮〉有机质〉速效钾。有机质、碱解氮和速效钾的C0／（C0＋C）比值均在49．7％～49．90％之间，都具有中等的相关性，而有效磷的C0／（C0＋C）的比值为100％，空间的相关性较弱。分维数D大小顺序为：有效磷〉碱解氮〉速效钾〉有机质。Kriging插值分析表明，研究区土壤养分的空间分布格局主要受土地利用类型影响较大。

This paper introduces a case study of 6 townships in Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province. 1 042 surface soil samples were collected with the aid of GPS positioning. Traditional statistics combined with geostatistics was applied to analyze the spatial variation of soil nutrients. Results showed that the variation coefficients of four kinds of soil nutrients ranged from 29.45% to 67.25 %. Soil nutrients, in terms of the spatial heterogeneity, was in the descendant order of AP, AN, OM, and AK. AN, AK, and OM had moderate spatial dependence. However, the C0/（ C0 ＋ C） for AP was 100%, so the relevance of space was weak. Soil nutrients, in terms of the fractal dimension, was in the descendant order of AP, AN, AK, and OM. Analysis by Kriging method indicated that spatial pattern of soil nutrients in the study area was mainly affected by landuse type.