职业体育联盟的反垄断规制——美国经历与中国立场

Anti-monopoly system of professional sports leagues——American experience and China's stance

在梳理美国以往判决与理论的基础上,分析了美国法院的矛盾判决导致的大量不受规制的反竞争行为。职业体育联盟在功能上类似于合资企业,联盟内竞争与合作的结合恰是其他产业内合资企业的典型特征。虽然合资方(联盟的各运动队)能够在合资企业的范畴以外继续竞争,但离开了合作,任何合资(体育联盟)都不可能有效地运转。联盟像合资企业一样,不应当对提升产品效力的限制竞争措施承担反垄断责任。但联盟滥用其垄断力量,将限制竞争措施扩展至超过维持其生存能力之外的行为,应当受到反垄断法的规制。

Contridictory verdictions of the American courts have led to huge amount of anti-monopoly against the regulations. The professional sports leagues are functionally similar to joint ventures, typical of competition and cooperation within the leagues. Even though the different parties, also the sports teams of the leagues, can compete beyond the joint ventures. Without cooperation, none of them can work efficiently. Therefore, they should not bear anti-monopoly duties of limited competition measures to promote the product efficiency. However, the leagues should be regulated by antimonopoly law if they abuse their monopoly and overpower the limited competition measures.