三门峡水库历史、现状与未来汛期运用问题

History,Present State and Future Application of Sanmenxia Reservoir

综述了三门峡水库的建设缘由、水利枢纽工程的增建与改建、水库运用与潼关高程的关系、对潼关高程问题采取的主要措施、水库的水沙调节特点与能力以及水库在当前黄河调水调沙中担负的重要作用。通过对汛期水库运用方式的分析,认为现行的"洪水排沙、平水发电"方式是合理的,洪水量大幅度减少是造成潼关高程问题的根本原因,汛期平水敞泄排沙效果差,会造成一系列负面影响。未来汛期水库实时敞泄可从补充方案中选取,即依据年度累计淤积量、汛期时段分布和水库净排沙比变化等进行敞泄,以实现当年库区少淤多冲或冲淤平衡,潼关高程下降或稳定,达到多目标综合最优。

This paper reviews the reason of construction of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, the extension and rebuilding project, the connection between the reservoir operation and Tongguan elevation, the main measures taken for the Tongguan elevation problem, the characteristics and capability of reservoir water-sediment regulation and the important function of water-sediment regulation of the Yellow River. Based on the analysis of the reservoir operation mode in the flood period, it is considered that the mode of ＇ releasing sediment in flood season and generating electricity in non-flood season＇ is reasonable, and large reduction of flood is the cause of the Tongguan elevation problem. The poor effect of releasing sediment in non-flood season can cause a series of negative impacts. In the future, the plan of reservoir real-time complete discharge can be selected from supplemental schemes, that is complete discharge according to the annual cumulative sediment volume, the period distribution of flood season, the variation of net reservoir sediment-release ratio and so on, to realize less deposition and more release, balance in the reservoir area, decrease or stability of Tongguan elevation, and multi-objective optimization.