公共科技决策中的公众参与:一个三步骤模型

Public Participation in Public Technological Decision:A Three-step Model

在许多公共科技决策中,经常存在公众参与同技术与经济的可行性以及决策机构责任与职责之间的冲突。探讨了如何将专家、相关利益者以及公众参与结合起来,以充分利用各方不同的知识资源。建议采用三步骤模型,第一步是确认各方的目标,利用利益相关者分析辨别相关的利益团体,明晰各方的目标。第二步是利用专家的知识评价各个方案。小组德尔菲法解决了传统方法时间过长、易于产生误解的缺陷。第三步是公众小组讨论,引出公众的价值观以及偏好。

In many public technological decisions, there often exist conflicts among the legitimate demand for public participation, the need for technical and economic rationality, and the necessity for assuring accountability and responsibility of decision making bodies. A three-step model is suggested. The first step is to construct value tree to elicit interest groups＇ objectives. Stakeholder analysis techniques are used in this step. The second step requires experts to evaluate different options, and Group Delphi method is recommended in this step. The third step is using citizen panel workshop to bring the public values and preferences into decision process.