酰胺类除草剂甲草胺的微生物降解研究进展

Research Progress on Microbiological Degradation of Acetanilide Herbicide Alachlor

主要介绍了氯乙酰胺类除草剂甲草胺微生物降解的研究现状。甲草胺是一种世界上广泛使用的芽前除草剂,也是普遍存在的危险且难矿化的有机污染物。在被污染的土壤中,有氧条件下的生物降解是其归宿的主要过程。部分土壤微生物能以甲草胺为唯一碳源和能量的方式进行代谢,但共代谢是去除土壤中母体化合物的主要途径。介绍了降解的甲草胺微生物及其主要代谢产物,但因为缺少实验室条件下足够的矿化信息,还不能提出完整的代谢路径。建议继续加强高效降解微生物(群落)的筛选,澄清甲草胺的代谢途径,应用宏基因组学的新技术发掘新的降解基因,并在此基础上探讨了工程微生物(群落)在原位生物修复过程中的作用。

This review introduces the current progress about the microbial degradation of chloroacetanilide herbicide alachlor. Alachlor is a widely used pre-emergence herbicide, and known as a dangerous, recalcitrant and ubiquitous organic contaminant. Biodegradation is a main process to the overall fate of alachlor in the polluted soil under aerobic conditions. Partial soil microorganisms are found to be capable of metabolizing alachlor when it is the primary carbon source and energy, but cometabolism is a main pathway to dissipitate the parent compound in soil. This review introduces main alachlor degradation microorganisms and their main metabolites, but still can＇t present a complete metabolic pathway for alachlor. The paper suggests that the further work is need to screen efficient biodegradation microorganisms（communities）, to elucidate the catabolic pathway for alachlor, to apply the emerging technologies of metagenomics to mine new degradation genes, and thereafter to explore the functions of engineering microorganisms （communities） in in-situ biomediation.